Dyslexia and Other Learning Difficulties: Understanding the Differences
Updated: Oct 28
Dyslexia can occur alongside other learning or developmental difficulties. When a child struggles with reading and spelling as well as attention, spoken language, coordination or maths, it is useful to look at the whole pattern. One diagnosis does not explain every difficulty, and a checklist cannot establish an additional condition.
Why the wider picture matters
Before a dyslexia assessment, share information about development, schooling, language, health and support already tried. Examples from home and school help explain which tasks are difficult and which approaches work. This information helps the assessor interpret literacy findings and consider whether another professional's input may be useful.
Attention and concentration
A child may find it hard to sustain attention during demanding reading or writing. Fatigue, anxiety and difficulty with the task can affect concentration.
ADHD can also co-occur with dyslexia, but it cannot be identified from a dyslexia test score. An ADHD assessment considers developmental history, the impact of difficulties and evidence from more than one setting.
Coordination and handwriting
Handwriting involves motor control as well as spelling and language. Persistent difficulties with movement, dressing, using cutlery or handwriting may need separate consideration.
If you are concerned about developmental coordination disorder (DCD, often called dyspraxia), discuss this with the SENCo or a health professional. NHS guidance describes diagnosis as usually involving a paediatrician, often working with an occupational therapist.
Spoken language
Understanding explanations, finding words and expressing ideas are important parts of learning. Difficulties in these areas can occur alongside literacy difficulties. They should be described clearly rather than assumed to be caused by dyslexia. A speech and language therapist may be able to explore persistent spoken-language concerns.
Maths difficulties
Problems with written instructions, remembering steps or reading questions can make maths harder. Dyscalculia is a distinct difficulty and requires appropriate assessment. Difficulty with maths does not by itself establish dyscalculia, and a dyslexia assessment should not be assumed to include a dyscalculia diagnosis.
What does Mark's assessment cover?
Mark's service is a diagnostic dyslexia assessment. It considers literacy, relevant learning skills and background information. It is not an ADHD, autism, DCD or other clinical diagnostic service. Please mention any wider concerns before booking so that the suitability and limits of the assessment can be discussed.
Preparing useful information
Make a short record of the tasks your child finds difficult, how long the difficulties have been present and the support already used. Include strengths and the child's own views. The aim is to understand the individual and plan support around their needs.
Further reading
Related dyslexia guides
Considering a dyslexia assessment?
Mark Trewby offers diagnostic dyslexia assessments for £400, including a personalised report within seven working days and feedback. Choose the appropriate service for the student's age and location:
Bournemouth appointments take place at the client's home or in a hired library room, with Bournemouth room hire and travel included in the £400 fee. You do not need to be certain that dyslexia is the explanation before getting in touch.
A closer look at maths difficulties
Maths can involve reading, subject language, remembering facts and keeping track of a method. These demands need consideration alongside number understanding. Our guide explains why a maths difficulty should not automatically be treated as either dyslexia or dyscalculia.